Info
Base attack time
Every unit has a base attack time (BAT), which refers to the default interval between attacks for an unbuffed unit with 0 agility and no attack speed bonus. For instance, a melee lane creep has a BAT of 1.00 seconds, and thus attacks once every second by default. Similarly, if a hero with 1.7 BAT had 0 agility and no bonus attack speed, they would attack once every 1.70 seconds. While nearly every unit can have their attack speed modified, only a few heroes can actively change their BAT.
Every hero has a BAT of 1.7 except for the following:
- Note: Rubick is also capable of lowering his BAT if he steals and uses any of the abilities listed in the above table.
Unit | Base Attack Time | Difference in Attacks/Sec | AS Range in 1.7 BAT Representation | Actual AS Range in game |
---|---|---|---|---|
Death Ward | 0.22 | (+672.7%) | 155~4636 | 692.7~1272.7 |
Familiar | 0.4 | (+325.0%) | 85~2550 | 345~925 |
Necronomicon Warrior | 0.75 | (+126.6%) | 45~1360 | 146.6~726.6 |
Greater Treant | 1.0 | (+70.0%) | 34~1020 | 90~670 |
Melee and Ranged Creeps | 1.0 | (+70.0%) | 34~1020 | 90~670 |
Necronomicon Archer | 1.0 | (+70.0%) | 34~1020 | 90~670 |
Lycan Wolf (level 4) | 1.1 | (+54.5%) | 31~927 | 74.5~654.5 |
Lycan Wolf (level 3) | 1.15 | (+47.8%) | 30~887 | 67.8~647.8 |
Lycan Wolf (level 2) | 1.2 | (+41.7%) | 28~850 | 61.7~641.7 |
Warlock`s Golem | 1.2 | (+41.7%) | 28~850 | 61.7~641.7 |
Boar | 1.25 | (+36.0%) | 27~816 | 56~656 |
Lycan Wolf (level 1) | 1.25 | (+36.0%) | 27~816 | 56~656 |
Earth | 1.35 | (+25.9%) | 25~756 | 45.9~625.9 |
Fire | 1.35 | (+25.9%) | 25~756 | 45.9~625.9 |
Spiderite | 1.35 | (+25.9%) | 25~756 | 45.9~625.9 |
Spiderling | 1.35 | (+25.9%) | 25~756 | 45.9~625.9 |
Spirit Bear (level 4) | 1.35 | (+25.9%) | 25~756 | 45.9~625.9 |
Spirit Bear (level 3) | 1.45 | (+17.2%) | 23~703 | 37.2~617.2 |
Eidolon | 1.5 | (+13.3%) | 23~680 | 33.3~613.3 |
Forged Spirit | 1.5 | (+13.3%) | 23~680 | 33.3~613.3 |
Plague Ward | 1.5 | (+13.3%) | 23~680 | 33.3~613.3 |
Serpent Ward | 1.5 | (+13.3%) | 23~680 | 33.3~613.3 |
Storm | 1.5 | (+13.3%) | 23~680 | 33.3~613.3 |
Spirit Bear (level 2) | 1.55 | (+9.7%) | 22~658 | 29.7~609.7 |
Undying Zombie | 1.6 | (+6.3%) | 21~638 | 26.3~606.3 |
Spirit Bear (level 1) | 1.65 | (+3.0%) | 21~618 | 23~603 |
Treant | 1.75 | (-2.9%) | 19~583 | 17.1~597.1 |
Roshan | 2.0 | (-15.0%) | 17~510 | 5~585 |
Siege Creeps | 2.7 | (-37.0%) | 13~378 | -17~563 |
Videos
Attack speed representation
The reciprocal of base attack time is base attack speed. For most heroes, this is 1 / 1.7 = 0.588 attacks per second. Attack speed is expressed in percent of base attack speed. The base is therefore expressed as 100. Each point of increased attack speed (IAS) adds 1 to that, giving 1% of base attack speed. Each point of agility Agility is the attribute that grants armor and attack speed. For each point of agility a hero gets: 0.14 (1/7) Armor 1 Attack speed Additionally, agility heroes also get 1 attack damage per agility point. increases IAS by 1. IAS is also modifiable by items, abilities, buffs, and debuffs. Attack speed works together with BAT to determine how often a unit can attack.
Attack speed caps of 20 and 600 are reached with -80 attack speed reduction and with +500 increased attack speed respectively, since every unit has a base attack speed of 100.
- Note: When mousing over attack damage in the HUD, the first field shows the attack speed and the time per attack in parenthesis. The attack speed field is defaulted to 100 and adds the IAS afterward, leading to a lower boundary of 20 and an upper boundary of 600. Even though the display may show a unit to "exceed" these boundaries, the actual attack speed used for calculations will still obey the caps of 20 and 600. This can be easily verified by observing that the "time between attacks" display does not change even when pushing well past "600 attack speed".
- Note2: Units that do not have 1.7 BAT will display their attack speed differently in the in-game HUD as if they had 1.7 BAT. For instance, a unit with 0.85 BAT and no bonus attack speed (100 attack speed) will display itself as having 200 attack speed, because 0.85 seconds is how long a unit with 1.70 BAT and 200 attack speed would take in between attacks. This strange quirk makes it harder to figure out if a hero without 1.7 BAT is nearing the attack speed cap, but it does allow players to compare this uniform "attack speed metric" across all heroes more easily.
Attack speed formula
The formulas below denote the relationship between BAT, IAS, attacks per second, and time between attacks.
- Attacks per second = (100 + IAS) ⃗ 0.01 / BAT
- Attack time = BAT / (100 + IAS) ⃗ 0.01 = 1 / (attacks per second)
For instance, a lvl 1 Axe with no items has 1.7 BAT and 20 agility, which is converted to (0.20).
- Attacks per second = (100 + IAS) ⃗ 0.01 / BAT
- Attacks per second = (100 + 20) ⃗ 0.01 / 1.7
- Attacks per second = 1.2 / 1.7
- Attacks per second = ~0.706
>> Axe attacks about 0.706 times per second.
- Attack time = 1 / 0.706
- Attack time = ~1.417
>> Axe takes about 1.417 seconds between attacks.
Remember that units start with 100 attack speed, which caps at 20 and 600. This can be modified by IAS, which therefore caps at -80 and +500.
Here are some attack speed benchmarks and their effect on attacks per second:
- -80 attack speed, a unit with 20 AS will take 5/1 times their BAT to attack (1/5x normal speed) (lower cap)
- -75 attack speed, a unit with 25 AS will take 4/1 times their BAT to attack (1/4x normal speed)
- -66 attack speed, a unit with 33 AS will take 3/1 times their BAT to attack (1/3x normal speed)
- -50 attack speed, a unit with 50 AS will take 2/1 times their BAT to attack (1/2x normal speed)
- +00 attack speed, a unit with 100 AS will take 1/1 times their BAT to attack (1x normal speed)
- +100 attack speed, a unit with 200 AS will take 1/2 times their BAT to attack (2x normal speed)
- +200 attack speed, a unit with 300 AS will take 1/3 times their BAT to attack (3x normal speed)
- +300 attack speed, a unit with 400 AS will take 1/4 times their BAT to attack (4x normal speed)
- +400 attack speed, a unit with 500 AS will take 1/5 times their BAT to attack (5x normal speed)
- +500 attack speed, a unit with 600 AS will take 1/6 times their BAT to attack (6x normal speed) (upper cap)
List of items increasing attack speed
Item | Value | Item cost | Cost per value point |
---|---|---|---|
Armlet of Mordiggian | 25 | 2370 | 94.8 |
Assault Cuirass | 30 | 5250 | 175 |
Bloodthorn | 30 | 7195 | 239.83 |
Butterfly | 30 | 5525 | 184.17 |
Dragon Lance | 12 | 1900 | 158.33 |
Echo Sabre | 10 | 2650 | 265 |
Eye of Skadi | 25 | 5775 | 231 |
Glimmer Cape | 20 | 1850 | 92.5 |
Gloves of Haste | 20 | 500 | 25 |
Hand of Midas | 30 | 2150 | 71.67 |
Helm of the Dominator | 10 | 2025 | 202.5 |
Hyperstone | 55 | 2000 | 36.36 |
Maelstrom | 25 | 2800 | 112 |
Manta Style | 15 | 5000 | 333.33 |
Mask of Madness | 10 | 1975 | 197.5 |
Mjollnir | 80 | 5700 | 71.25 |
Moon Shard | 120 | 4000 | 33.33 |
Oblivion Staff | 10 | 1650 | 165 |
Orchid Malevolence | 30 | 4075 | 135.83 |
Power Treads (Agility) | 25 | 1350 | 54 |
Power Treads (Intelligence) | 25 | 1350 | 54 |
Power Treads (Strength) | 25 | 1350 | 54 |
Quarterstaff | 10 | 875 | 87.5 |
Rod of Atos | 6 | 3080 | 513.33 |
Sange and Yasha | 16 | 3900 | 243.75 |
Shadow Amulet | 20 | 1300 | 65 |
Shadow Blade | 30 | 2700 | 90 |
Silver Edge | 30 | 5550 | 185 |
Ultimate Orb | 10 | 2150 | 215 |
Yasha | 10 | 1950 | 195 |
Values may include portions from actives or auras. |
List of abilities increasing attack speed
- Abaddon - Curse of AvernusAttack Speed Bonus: 10/20/30/40
Duration: 4.5
Affects every unit attacking a debuffed unit. - Ancient Thunderhide - FrenzyAttack Speed Bonus: 75
Duration: 8
Affects targeted ally. - Ancient Thunderhide - War Drums Aura
- Arc Warden - Magnetic FieldAttack Speed Bonus: 50/60/70/80
Duration: 3.5/4.5/5.5/6.5
Radius: 275
Affects all allied heroes and buildings within the field. - Axe - Culling Blade
- Beastmaster - Inner Beast
- Clinkz - Strafe
- Hellbear Smasher - Swiftness Aura
- Hurricane Pike - Hurricane ThrustAttack Speed Bonus: 100
Duration: 5
When it is cast on an enemy. Affects self. Only grants attack speed against the targeted enemy. Bonus is lost after 4 attacks or within 5 seconds, whichever is shorter. - Huskar Hero Strategy Counters Equipment Gear Responses Sounds Lore Old Abilities Changelogs Huskar 21 + 2.7 15 + 1.4 18 + 1.5 Level Base - Berserker`s BloodMax Attack Speed Bonus: 220/260/300/340
Affects self. Grants attack speed for point of health missing, reaching the cap at 10% health. - Invoker - Alacrity
- Invoker - WexAttack Speed Bonus per Wex Instance: 2/4/6/8/10/12/14
Max instances: 3
Affects self. 3 instances grant 6/12/18/24/30/36/42 attack speed. - Io - OverchargeAttack Speed Bonus: 40/50/60/70
Affects self and the Tethered ally. Lasts until toggled off. - Legion Commander - Press the AttackAttack Speed Bonus: 65/90/115/140
Duration: 5
Affects targeted ally. - Attack Speed Bonus: 50/60/70/80
Duration: 3/4/5/6
Affects self. - Attack Speed Bonus per Stack: 40/55/70/85
Max Stacks: 3
Duration: 10
Affects self. Gains a stack on each spell cast. 3 stacks grant 120/165/210/255 attack speed. - Mirana - LeapAttack Speed Bonus: 16/32/48/64 (Talent 116/132/148/164)
Duration: 5
Affects allies within a 775 radius on cast. - Necronomicon Archer - Archer Aura
- Night Stalker - Hunter in the NightAttack Speed Bonus: 45/60/75/90
Affects self. Grants bonuses only during the night. - Ogre Magi - Bloodlust
- Phantom Assassin - Phantom StrikeAttack Speed Bonus: 130
Duration: 4
Affects self. Bonus is lost after 4 attacks or within 4 seconds, whichever is shorter. Buff is lost upon switching targets. - Troll Warlord Hero Strategy Counters Equipment Gear Responses Sounds Lore Old Abilities Changelogs Troll Warlord 20 + 2.5 21 + 2.5 13 + 1 Level - Battle TranceAttack Speed Bonus: 60/120/180
Duration: 5
Affects all allied heroes. - Attack Speed Bonus per Stack: 15/20/25/30
Max Stacks: 7
Affects self. Gains a stack on each attack on the same target. All stacks are lost upon changing target. 7 stacks grant 105/140/175/210 attack speed. - Ursa - OverpowerAttack Speed Bonus: 400
Duration: 15
Affects self. Bonus is lost after 3/4/5/6 attacks or within 15 seconds, whichever is shorter. - Visage - Grave ChillAttack Speed Bonus: 64
Duration: 3/4/5/6
Affects self.
Attack Speed Formula
Using a hero`s BAT and IAS, their attack speed (length of time it takes to attack) is calculated using this formula:
- Base Attack Time (1 + (Increased Attack Speed 100)) = Attack Speed
In the formula above, the IAS after calculations, which is the final value BAT gets divided by, has a maximum of 6 and a minimum of 0.2. Any values exceeding the maximum or below the minimum are rounded to the nearest acceptable threshold. This means that any value above 6 would be lowered to 6 and any value less than 0.2 would be raised to 0.2.
Example using Windranger with no items at level 1:
- 1.5 (1 + (17 100) = 1.5 (1 + 0.17) = 1.5 1.17 = 1.28 seconds per attack
In the example above it takes a cooldown of 1.28 seconds to attack.
Base Attack Time
Base attack time is the default cooldown for a hero`s attacks. Heroes with a lower BAT will attack faster than heroes with a higher BAT even when at equal IAS.
All heroes have a BAT of 1.7 seconds except for the following:
Hero | Base Attack Time |
---|---|
Alchemist | 1.4 / 1.2 / 1 when Chemical Rage is active |
Juggernaut | 1.4 |
Oracle | 1.4 |
Anti-Mage | 1.45 |
Lone Druid | 1.5 when True Form is active |
Terrorblade | 1.5 |
Windranger | 1.5 |
Troll Warlord | 1.5 when Berserker`s Rage (Melee) is active |
Huskar | 1.6 |
Lina | 1.6 |
Morphling | 1.6 |
Queen of Pain | 1.6 |
Bristleback | 1.8 |
Weaver | 1.8 |
Lifestealer | 1.85 |
Spirit Breaker | 1.9 |
Treant Protector | 1.9 |
Doom | 2 |
Attack Time
Heroes also have an attack duration which is labeled by two numbers. These are written as:
- Attack Point + Backswing = Attack Time
For example Windranger`s attack time is 0.4 + 0.3, and she has a BAT of 1.5.
Windranger`s BAT acts as a cooldown, meaning she can only attack once per 1.5 seconds. If she has 0 IAS it would take 0.4 seconds to execute her attack, have a 0.3 second backswing, and then be able to attack again after the remaining 0.8 seconds. The backswing can be canceled, but that does not change her BAT cooldown. If her backswing animation were to be canceled immediately, she would take 0.4 seconds to execute an attack and then take 1.1 seconds of remaining wait time before her next attack. This practice is known as animation canceling and is extremely useful when chasing down other heroes. By canceling the backswing and performing other actions such as moving or spell casting during the BAT cooldown period, it allows the hero to act rather than standing still.
Just as the duration of BAT scales as BAT (1 + (IAS 100)), attack time also scales as Attack Point (1 + (IAS 100)) and Backswing (1 + (IAS 100)). In the previous Windranger example (no items and level 1), her Attack Point would equal 0.341 and her Backswing would equal 0.256.
The only exception to the above rules occurs when the units attack point is greater than their BAT. In this situation, the unit`s attack point is used as the unit`s BAT instead. The only unit for which this is the case is Witch Doctor`s Death Ward.
Cast Time
- Cast Point + Backswing = Cast Time
Some abilities have a reduced cast point, while others have a extended cast time or even 0 instant cast time. Animation canceling during the cast point will not release the spell or put it on cooldown.
Version History
Patch Version | Balance Changes |
---|---|
6.83 | |
| |
6.81 | |
|